Compression-ignition internal combustion engine



w. A. WEAVER ET AL. 2,111,828 COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I I March zz, 1938.

Filed 001;. 8, 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet 1- I March 22, 1938? w. A. WEAVER El AL; 2,111,828

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MBUSTION ENGINE COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL CO Filed Oct. 8, 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 [me/Mons:

March 22, 1938. w WEAVER ET AL 2,111,828

COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL COMBUSTI N ENGINE Filed Oct. 8, 1934 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 4y [be/r Allbrlze s MiucH'ZZ, 1938. w. A. EAVER ETAL 2,111,828

COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL COMBUSTION-ENGINE Patented Mar. 22, 1938 .COMPRESSION-IGNIT ION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE William Arthur Weaver, Coventry, and Mervyn Hamilton-Fletcher, Studland Dorset, England Application October 8, 1934, Serial No. 747,402 In Great Britain October. 11, 1933 Thisinvention relates to internal combustion engines ofthe compression-ignition type.

The objects of the invention are to provide various constructional improvements-which al- 5 low easy accessibility and detachability of working parts for cleaning and repair, which allow of the working parts being of heavy durable metal, whilst the non-working parts are of lighter metal, which allow of automatic temperature control of the lubricating oil, which allow of a supercharger effect being obtained without the use of a supercharger, and which allow of other advantages, such as compactness, rigidity and adaptability. The opposed setting of the cylinders tends to reduce vibration and Diesel knock but the construction is not limited to this form.

According to the invention, the improved compression-ignition type engines are characterized by the arrangement of the valve and pump operimposed upon the crankcase (which said crankcase may carry one or'more cylinders as the case may be) and easily removable therefron'nso that such parts are readily accessible for cleaning, adjusting, etc., without disturbing other parts of the engine. This method of construction allows of these important working parts being made of steel or other strong and heavy metal, whilst the crankcase proper may be of a lighter metal such as aluminium or the like. This construction also permits of all moving parts being'entirely enclosed and working in an oil bath. p

This inventionis also characterized by the arrangement of a water pump, in combination with the circulating pump for the lubricating oil, in such manner as to allow of the cooling water passing round the said oil pump for the purpose of keeping the lubricating oil at its correct working temperature. This arrangement of the pump further provides a ready means for attachment of and driving a second pump, as indicated, for auxiliary purposes. A further improvement consists in the attachment to the crankcase of a mechanically-operated valve of suitable dimen- 45 air inside the crankcase in accordance with the movement of the pistons compressing the said air. .This valve may be so arranged as to cause a super-charging eiiect by arranging the 50 maximum air pressure at the moment of 'open-,

ing of the air intake valve in the combustion 'head. In some cases such valve may be auto matic in action, but the mechanical method is preferred as being more positive. The interior 55 ating gear in a separate detachable frame, supersions, for the purposeof trapping a volume of of the crankcase is kept to small dimensions, and

Figs. 1 andla are part sectional a are pressed sleeves or liners of a hard metal such as nitralloy steel, or'high tensile iron, v for the purpose of aifording a hard working surface, for the movement of the pistons. Passages arranged in the case encircle the liners but are hermetically sealed at either end of such liners .or, sleeves, and are so arranged as to permit of a regular flow of cooling water or cooling air, if-for aircooling, for the purpose of maintaining the correct working temperature for such parts.

The invention is further characterized by a separate oil sump which can be cast of light alloy and which besides holding the required amount of lubricating 011' allows water to circulate in integral castjackets in order to cool its oil contents and also houses in a separate cast chamber'an assembly in unit form comprising oil filter, oil filter emergency by-pass valve and oil .pressure release valve which assembly can be withdrawn for inspection or adjustment without disturbing other parts and without releasing the oil contained in the sump.

In the accompanying drawings: &

elevations of one example of'engine made in accordance with the invention, the motion plate being shown in half section on two different planes, as shown on line i--| of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a plan of the motion plate.

Fig. 3 is a sectional endnelevation of Fig. 2 on line 33.' r

. Fig. 4 is 'an external endview of the engine. I

Fig. 5 isa part sectional elevation showing front and rear ends of the crankshaft and'the forced feed lubrication systems thereat.

' Figs.'6 and '7 are assembled sections at right angles of the combined oil pump and cooling water-pump unit.

Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of the oil filter.

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are part sectional elevation plan and detail sectional end view of the decom-- pressor mechanism.

Fig. 12 is a detail of the governor assembly.

As illustrated, the engine is a two cylinder opposed horizontal engine, the main body comprising a crankcase I of aluminium and of rectangular box section. In each end of the crankcase ls fitted a cylinder liner or sleeve 2 having a stepped flange 3 at its outerend and an annular grooved flange 4 near its inner end, which latter is made a close sliding fit in an annular rib or web 5 in the crankcase; a pair of rubber packing rings 6 being provided in the groove to make a watertight and air-tight joint while allowing for relative difference of longitudinal expansion between the cast iron or steel liner 2,and the aluminium crankcase. A space I is thereby formed around the sleeve for the circulation of cooling water. The sleeves 2 are each secured in position by a cylinder head 8 bolted to the end of the crankcase the security of the sleeve location and the joint being obtained by the combination of a non-yielding ring 9 partly recessed into the end of the sleeve and a gasket ID of the usual construction. Each cylinder head is provided with an inlet valve and exhaust valve and rocker mechanism therefor, and also with a detachable cover plate II to enclose the working part. The cylinder head is also formed with suitable water cooling spaces and isfitted with a detachable combustion chamber l2 and fuel injector l3.-

An oil return duct I4 is provided in the lower wall of the crankcase and in the cylinder heads for the return of lubricating oil from the valve q pipes. The fuel pumps are each connected by coverspace to the sump, described later.

' Above the centre part of the crankcase is secured a motion plate 15 (see Figs. 2 and 3), which is preferably of steel, or some stronger metal than the crankcase, having bearings I6 for a camshaft I! which latter has an inlet cam I8, oil fuel pump cam l9 and exhaust cam 20. The motion plate is formed on its underside with groove 2| which becomes an oil distribution duct. its open side lying against the upper surface of the crankcase. The plate is formed with holes 22 for holding down bolts and with pairs of horizontal cylindrical bosses in which are mounted respectively roller ended tappets 23 and hollow valve operating tappets 24. The bosses are fitted with tappet guide bushes 25 and 26 respectively fastened by set screws 21 and 28 which also serve to close the ends of drill' holes forming oil ducts 29 and 30 which communicate with the groove 2 I. The tappets 24 have a circular groove 24a and hole 24b so that oil canpass from the duct 30 into the interior of the tappet. The centre of the motion plate forms an oil bath into which the cams dip as they rotate. The tappets 23 are adjustable through an aperture 3| in the boss behind the bush 25. The fuel oil pump 32, for which no special feature is claimed, is' bolted to the rear end of the boss. The hollow tappets 24 have a flat head 33 to engage the cam, through which head is an oil hole 34 while at its other end the tappet has ahardened cup insertion 35, also formed with a central oil hole, and adapted to form a seating for the nose of a push rod 36, which is made tubular for strength and lightness and which construction is also used to conduct oil to the lower ball socket joint in the rocker, the socket 31 of which is adjustable for clearance adjustment in known manner. Lubricating oil from the lower ball socket jointfalls into the space under the valve cover plate and returns by the duct 14 while a further duct 38, joining with the duct I 4, serves to return surplus lubricating oil falling onto the upper part of the crankcase from the upper tappet ball and socket by means of a spiral key and groove 39, provide for advancing or retarding the timing of the injection of fuel oil into the cylinders. The sliding of the cam may be effected by means of a lever 40 or through suitable link mechanism by a governor arranged within the housing 42 and consisting of fly-weights 43 acting to move a sleeve 44 on the governor shaft against the pressure of a spring 45. By this means, automatic advance of the timing is obtained.-

A further cover 46 is provided over the top of the engine, covering in the motion plateand push rods, the cover joining up with the valve cover plates ll of the cylinder heads. In the cover 46 are inspection covers 41 secured by central locking members 48. Centrally of the cover 46 is a cover 460. through which may be obtained inspection of the cams and access for adjustment of the pump tappets. This cover 46a may also be provided with an air inlet valve 46b adapted to engage a cam on the camshaft and operating to admit air to the crankcase so that it may be compressed therein and used for supercharging the engine.

The oil fuel supply pipes 49 leading to the fuel pumps pass through the covers which however can be raised and then swung round on their pipes 50 to their respective injectors l3 while their control valves 5|, which provide the equivalent of a carburetter throttle for controlling the engine speed are operated by suitable levers 52.

The bottom of the crankcase is formed with an opening over which is secured a. gauze filter 53, while on the bottom of the crankcase, around such opening is a flange 54 to which is secured an oil sump 55. The oil sump is formed with a cooling water jacket 55 and with various ducts 51, for the oil supply leading to a housing positioned towards one side and adapted to receive a filter unit (see Figs.'l and 8). On one side of the engine is mounted a timing'cover 51! which is bolted to flanges formed continuously on the crankcase, on the cover 46 and on the sump 55. On the front of the timing cover is a facing to which is bolted 'the pump unit and behind which is mounted a chain-sprocket wheel 59 adapted to be engaged by an extension of the driving shaft 59a of the pump gears. The sprocket 59 is mounted on a spigot 59b fixed in a lug on the face of the crankcase and is located thereon by an extension of a boss 58a on the inside of the timing cover. On the crankshaft are two chain sprocket wheels, one for the pump drive just described and the other for the camshaft drive. ,In the upper part of the timing cover is mounted the starting handle 60 adapted to be engaged with the camshaft while below the starting handle and c0- axial with the crankshaft is a further seating for the governor unit. In place of the valve 46b previously described, an automatic flap valve may be provided in the timing case cover. In any case suitable ports will be provided to connect the crankcase space to the air inlet passages so gether and to the face of the timing cover by 7' 20 and 62b and gland pressure members tile and suitable bolts. A common driving shaft 59a is provided having pump pinions 84, 65 and 66 respectively arranged in the threesections, associated with which are the complementary pump pinions 64a, 65a, and 66a,'the two latter having a common spindle. In, the section 6| are inlet and outlet oil ducts 6 le and 6 If respectively which register with ducts in the facing of thetiming cover, the inlet 6|e communicating with the sump and the outlet 6 If with a port 91 in the face of the sump from which the oil flows by one of the ductsil to the housing 68 in which is located the filter unit (see Figs. 1 and 8). In the section 6| and around the oil pump pinions are water;

spaces 69 and I9 forming inlet and outlet circulating water passages which register with ports in the section 92 leading to the water pump pinions therein. Between the sections 9| and 62 is a space around the common shaft 59a, in which space are bosses Bid and 62a for packings 9|?) the camshaft is pivoted a lever 99 having at one end a pin 9| with fiat head 92 engaging the groove 99. Av tension spring 93 is connected to i the lever. At its other end the lever 99 is engaged by one arm 94 of a bell-crank levermounted on the lower end of a spindle 95 which projects through a bush 99 in the engine cover and.

which is provided with a setting key 91, a spring 98 being provided tending to raise the spindle with the lever thereon. In'the hub of the leverlever 99 rests against the wall of the motion plate 62c, between which latter is a spring II to apply pressure to the gland members and make a selfadjusting packing gland. The pumppinions 66 and 66a are provided for use as a bilge pump for motor boat use and may otherwise be omitted.

As shown in Fig. )3, the oil filter 12 which isof the disc type, some of the discs being rotatable "against the end of the filter.

periodically for clearing, ismounted with its endprojecting into the cupped end of a sleeve 13 in which is a washer I4 loaded by a spring 15 to rest The washer is a close sliding vfit within the cup so that until a certain pressure is reached in the filter chamber, the oil will flow through the filter in normal manner. Should the oil filter become choked so as to restrict the oil flow seriously, the oil pressure will rise in the filter chamber and the washer will be forced back against the pressure of its spring, allowing oil to pass through to-the engine oihducts without passing through the filter.

- The sleeve 13 where it passes through the wall of the crankcase is formed with oil outlet openings I6 ,leadingtothe oil duct 11 in the crankit slides automatically as they are in turn lifted the first compression case, while in its end is accommodated a pres,-

sure release. valve 19 and loading spring 19 con-' trolling the release of oil throughppenings 89 to the sump.

As shown inFlg. 5, pressure feed lubrication is provided by arranging in the one case the crankshaft spindle 8| as a close bearing fit in the crankcase" in which is formed a groove 92 constituting part of the oil circulation system, the groove 82 joining the upper and lower parts of the oil duct 11. The upper part-of the oil duct 11 leads to .the oil duct 2|. In the crankshaft spindle 8| is an oil duct 83 adapted to register with the groove and communicating through suitable oil passages which lead to the crank pin, not shown. At the other end of the crankshaft.

and so as to accommodate 2 roller bearings, or a combination of one roller and one ball bearing, a sleeve' 94 isprovided having a further inner ring 95, through and between which is provided oil passages, to transmit oil under pressure from an oil groove 98 in the sleeve to the bearing races and also to a duo 81 in the crankshaft spindle by which oil unde pressure may be supplied to the other crank pin.

,As shownin Figs. 9, and 11, the decompressor mechanism comprises a sleeve fllslidable on the camshaft and having an operating groove 89, the body of the sleeve being adapted'to. slide un-.

der the exhaust valve tappets to hold them raised after they have been raised by their Beside may now be rotated rapidly without the resistance vehicle or fora dynamo generator or for any puror a stop thereon and there lsno loadon the actuating pin 9 i'. For starting up, the setting key .91 is given a clockwise rotation to tension the spring I93, until the slot 99 registers withthe pin I99 when the spindle rises under the action of the spring 98. The lever arm 94 will thereby have been withdra from engagement with the lever '99 and will remain in 'such position by the locking action of the slot 99 and pin I99. The tension spring 93 now moves thesleeve 98 towards the exhaust valve tappets under which by rotation of the engine. The starting handle of the engine compression until sufllcient speed has been imparted to the flywheel, when a simple blow of'the hand on the top of the key 91 releases the lever so that the arm 94 thereof immediately engages the lever 99 and the spring I93 operates to withdraw the sleeve 88 from under the exhaust tappets, whereupon the momentum of the flywheel will carry onekof the pistons over t stage and the engine will s art.

The engine is suitable for use for an inboard or outboard motor boat engine or for a motor road pose for which a high speed engine may be used. By providing anti-friction bearings the engine is easy to start and starting is facilitated in that the starting handle can'be arranged onthe half speed shaft, giving sufflcient power for starting, a

and enabling starting tained.

What we claim is:-- a 1. Aninternal combustion engine comprising-a crankcase with a machined outer wall, and having speed to be moreeasily atpassages within its wall for cooling liquid, an attached housing against th' 'machined' wall containing an oil-circulating' pu mp and having passages for cooling liquid communicating with those "in the crankcasewall, and afurther attached containing'a water-circulating pump, the entry and delivery ports of which communicate with ing a single shaft for the oil circulating and water shaft bearings, and to a motion plate mounted on the crankcase and carrying the valve-operating cam mechanism.

housing connected to the first-named housing,

the passages in the first-named housing, and havcirculating pumps, said shaft connecting by tongue and groove with a member on the crankshaft in the crankcase, the crankcase and the first housing also having oil-circulating passages communicating-with each other, those in the crankcase leading to an oil filter, to the crank- 2. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase with a machined outer wall, and having passages within its wall for cooling liquid, an attached housing against the machined wall containing an oil-circulating pump and having passages for cooling liquid communicating with those in the crankcase wall, and a further attached housing connectedto the first named housing, containing a water circulating pump, the entry and delivery ports of which communicate with the passages in the first named housing, and having a single shaft for the oil-circulating and water-circulating pumps, said shaft connecting by tongue and groove with a member on the crankshaft in the crankcase, the crankcase and the first housing also having oil circulating passages communicating with each other, those in the crankcase leading to an oil filter, to the crankshaft bearings, and to a motion plate mounted on the crankcase, and carrying the valve-operating cam mechanism, the motion plate having on its underside an endless oil-circulating groove, and having ducts leading from said groove to the camshaft bearings, to hollow tappets, and to the cams.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase with a machined outer wall, and having passages within its wall for cooling liquid, an attached housing against the machined wall containing an oil-circulating pump and having passages for cooling liquid communicating with those in the crankcase wall, and a further attached housing connected to the first-named housing, containing a water-circulating pump, the entry and delivery ports of which communicate with the passages in the first named housing, and having a'single shaft for the oil-circulating and water circulating pumps, said shaft connecting by tongue and groove with a member on the crankshaft in the crankcase, the crankcase and the first housing also having oil-circulating passages communicating with each other, those in the crankcase leading to an oil filter, to the crankshaft bearings, and to a motion plate mounted on the crankcase, and carrying the valve-operating cam mechanism, the motion plate having on its underside an endless oil-circulating groove and having ducts leading from said groove to the cam shaft bearings to hollow tappets and to the earns, the motion plate also having an oil well into which the cams dip and to which oil is supplied through the hollow tappets,

WILLIAM A. WEAVER.

M. HAMILTON-FLETCHER. 

